Philosophy
Contents
Etymology
The root ḥā kāf mīm (ح ك م) is used in Quran. 210 times.
Compare with English. acme - a person or process represented at its highest point, its flowering or reproductive maturity, its apogee, and high point, the highest point of any range, the most developed stage of any process, or the culmination of any field or historical period
Compare with Hebrew. חָכְמָה - khok-maw - wisdom, skill, ingenuity.
The Book and The Philosophy
(3:48) He teaches him the Book and the Philosophy (Arab. وَالْحِكْمَةَ, wal-ḥik'mata), the Torah and the Injeel.
(3:81) God took a covenant from the prophets: "For what I have given you of the book and philosophy (Arab. وَحِكْمَةٍ, waḥik'matin), then a messenger will come to you authenticating what is with you. You will acknowledge him and support him." He said, "Do you testify, and agree to this burden?" they said, "We testify." He said, "Then bear witness, and I am with you bearing witness."
(5:110) God said, "O Jesus son of Mary, recall My blessings upon you and your mother that I supported you with the Holy Spirit; you spoke to the people in the cradle and in old age; and I taught you the Book and the Philosophy (Arab. وَالْحِكْمَةَ, wal-ḥik'mata), and the Torah, and the Injeel; and you would create from clay the shape of a bird, then blow into it and it becomes a bird by My leave; and you heal the blind and the leper by My leave; and you brought out the dead by My leave. I have restrained the Children of Israel from you, that you came to them with proofs; but those who rejected amongst them said, "This is an obvious magic!""
(2:129) "Our Lord, and send amongst them a messenger from among themselves, that he may recite to them Your signs and teach them the book and the wisdom (Philosophy) (Arab. وَالْحِكْمَةَ, wal-ḥik'mata), and purify them. You are the Noble, the Wise (Arab. الْحَكِيمُ, l-ḥakīmu)."
Torah contains God's judgment
(5:43) How can they make you their judge (Arab. يُحَكِّمُونَكَ, yuḥakkimūnaka) when they have the Torah, containing God's judgment (Arab. حُكْمُ, ḥuk'mu); then they turn away after that. They do not acknowledge.
(5:44) We have sent down the Torah, in it is guidance and a light; the prophets who have peacefully surrendered judged (Arab. يَحْكُمُ, yaḥkumu) with it for those who are Jews, as well as the Rabbis, and the Scholars, for what they were entrusted of God's book, and they were witness over it. So do not revere the people but revere Me; and do not purchase with My signs a cheap price. Whoever does not judge (Arab. يَحْكُمْ, yaḥkum) with what God has sent down, then these are the ingrates.
Judging by God's law
(5:47) And let the people of the Injeel judge (Arab. وَلْيَحْكُمْ, walyaḥkum) with what God has sent down in it. Whoever does not judge (Arab. يَحْكُمْ, yaḥkum) by what God has sent down, then these are the vile ones.
